BIBLICAL HEBREW VOCABULARY

BY

CONCEPTUAL CATEGORIES

A STUDENT’S GUIDE TO NOUNS IN THE OLD TESTAMENT

J. David Pleins

with Jonathan Homrighausen

ZONDERVAN

Biblical Hebrew Vocabulary by Conceptual Categories

Copyright © 2017 by J. David Pleins

Requests for information should be addressed to:

Zondervan, 3900 Sparks Dr. SE, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49546

ISBN 978-0-310-53074-9

All Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are taken from The Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide www.Zondervan.com. The “NIV” and “New International Version” are trademarks registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office by Biblica, Inc.®

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Cover design: Outerwear for books

Cover photo: Adobe Stock

J. D. P.: To Hoy Ledbetter†, who first inspired my interest

in biblical languages, his devoted wife Jary and, of course,

to Karen whose friendship, love, and support have brought such joy to my life.

כִּי-עַזָּה כַמָּוֶת אַהֲבָה קָשָׁה כִשְׁאוֹל קִנְאָה

Song of Solomon 8:6b

J. H.: To Michelle and April

אֵשֶׁת־חַיל מִי יִמְצָא וְרָחֹק מִפְּנִינִים מִכְרָהּ

בָּטַח בָּהּ לֵב בַּעְלָהּ וְשָׁלָל לאֹ יֶחְסָר

גְּמָלַתְהוּ טוֹב וְלא̇־רָע כֹּל יְמֵי חַיֶּיה

Proverbs 31:10–12

מוֹשִׁיבִי עֲקֶרֶת הַבַּיִת אֵם־הַבָּנִים שְׂמֵחָה הַלְלוּ־יָהּ

Psalm 113:9

BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS

Detailed Table of Contents

Abbreviations

Preface

Bibliography

I. The Created Order

Heavens and Earth

Metals, Stones, Gems, Minerals, and Pearls

Colors

Time

Animals

Flora

II. The Human Order

Human

Human Anatomy

Disease, Mortality, and Disability

Food and Spices

Clothing

III. The Social Order

Family and Kinship

Worship/Cultic

Law and Covenant

Professions and Occupations

Military

Maritime

Music

Education

IV. The Constructed Order

Buildings and Structures

Containers and Implements

Tools

Measurement

Appendix One: Guide to Further Reading

Appendix Two: Cluster Verses for Study

Hebrew Word Index

Scripture Index

DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abbreviations

Preface

Bibliography

I. The Created Order

Heavens and Earth

Cosmology

Sky/Firmament

Stars

Sun

Moon

Earth

Clouds

Wind/Hurricane

Lightning

Fire

Rain/Storm

Water

Underworld

Compass/Directions

Metals, Stones, Gems, Minerals, and Pearls

Metals

General Terms: Stones, Gems

Stones

Gems

Minerals

Pearls

Colors

General Terms

Specific Colors

Spotted/Speckled

Time

Day: Morning to Night...

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About Biblical Hebrew Vocabulary by Conceptual Categories: A Student’s Guide to Nouns in the Old Testament

Biblical Hebrew Vocabulary by Conceptual Categories is an innovative study reference intended for both introductory and advanced students of the Hebrew language to help them understand and remember vocabulary based on logical categories of related words. Since our minds acquire and recall language by making associations between related words it is only natural that we would study language in this way. By organizing Hebrew vocabulary into logical categories, as opposed to frequency, students can quickly begin to familiarize themselves with entire groups of terms and more readily acquaint themselves with the ranges of meaning of particular Hebrew words.

This reference tool focuses on nouns in the Old Testament, and includes over 175 word grouping categories including pottery, ships, birds, jewelry, seasons, and many more. For each Hebrew term a definition is given and a reference in the Hebrew Bible appears so readers can see the word in context. For many words additional lexical references are indicated where students can look for further study. Words that hapax legomena (words appearing only once in the Hebrew Bible) are marked with an “H” and words that are rare and appear less than 10 times are marked with an “R.” Two helpful appendices equip students for further study, these include 1) a Guide for Further Reading where recommendations are given for helpful resources for studying the larger macro categories and 2) Lists of “cluster verses” where several words in a given category appear together, giving students the ability to see how these words function together in context.

Biblical Hebrew Vocabulary by Conceptual Categories is intended to move students beyond rote memorization to a more dynamic grasp of Hebrew vocabulary, ultimately equipping them to read with more fluidity and with a deeper and more intuitive grasp of the biblical text.

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Table of Contents