Ancient Texts for New Testament Studies

A Guide to the Background Literature

CRAIG A. EVANS

BakerAcademic

a division of Baker Publishing Group

Grand Rapids, Michigan

© 2005 by Craig A. Evans

Published by Baker Academic

a division of Baker Publishing Group

P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287

www.bakeracademic.com

Baker Academic paperback edition published 2011

ISBN 978-0-8010-4842-5

Previously published in 2005 by Hendrickson Publishers

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews.

The Library of Congress has cataloged the original edition as follows:

Evans, Craig A.

Ancient texts for New Testament studies: a guide to the background literature/Craig A. Evans.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 1-56563-409-8 (alk. paper)

1. Bible. N.T.—Study and teaching. 2. Literature, Ancient—History and criticism. 3. Intertextuality in the Bible—Study and teaching. 4. Literature, Ancient—Bibliography. I. Title.

BS2530.E93 2005

225ʹ.006—dc22

2005023156

Cover Art: The cover photograph is of a third-century Christian sarcophagus depicting the deceased reading his testament to his heirs. Museu i Necròpolis Paleocristians, Tarragona, Spain. Photograph by James H. Charlesworth.

For James A. Sanders

Scholar, Mentor, Colleague

Contents

Preface

Abbreviations

Introduction

An Overview of the Writings

The Value

The Method

General Bibliography

1. The Old Testament Apocrypha

Summaries

Themes

General Bibliography

2. The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha

Summaries

Themes

General Bibliography

3. The Dead Sea Scrolls

Contents

Discoveries in the Judaean Desert (DJDJ/DJD):

Identity of the Scrolls Community

Summaries of Qumran Documents

Summaries of Masada Documents

Summaries of Murabbaʿat Documents

Summaries of Naḥal Ḥever Documents

Summaries of Naḥal Ṣeʾelim (Wadi Seiyâl) Documents

Summaries of Wadi Sdeir Documents

Summaries of Naḥal Mishmar Documents

Summaries of Khirbet Mird Documents

Summaries of Wadi Ed-Daliyeh Documents

Summaries of Cairo Genizah Documents

Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha

Pesharim: Qumran’s Commentaries on Scripture

Targumim

Themes

General Bibliography

4. Versions of the Old Testament

Summaries

Themes

General Bibliography

5. Philo and Josephus

Philo

Philo and the New Testament

General Bibliography for Philo

Josephus

Josephus and the New Testament

Versions of Josephus’s Writings

General Bibliography for Josephus

6. The Targums

Summaries

Themes

General Bibliography

7. Rabbinic Literature

Summaries of Talmudic Literature

Summaries of Tannaic Midrashic Literature

Summaries of Amoraic Midrashic Literature

Later Midrashim

Medieval Commentators

Special Themes

General Bibliography

8. The New Testament Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha

Summaries of Selected Writings

Studies

General Bibliography

9. Early ...

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ATNTS:GBL

About Ancient Texts for New Testament Studies: A Guide to the Background Literature

One of the most daunting challenges facing the New Testament interpreter is achieving a familiarity with the immense corpus of related literatures. Scholars and students must have a fundamental understanding of the content, provenance, and utility for New Testament interpretation of a wide range of pagan, Jewish, and diversely Christian documents. This volume examines a vast range of ancient literature, masterfully distilling details of date, language, text, and translation into an eminently usable handbook. Craig Evans evaluates the materials’ relevance for interpreting the New Testament and provides essential biographies.

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