Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament
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Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament

John D. Currid

Foreword by Kenneth A. Kitchen

© 1997 by John Currid

Published by Baker Books

a division of Baker Book House Company

P.O. Box 6287, Grand Rapids, MI 49516-6287

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—for example, electronic, photocopy, recording—without the prior written permission of the publisher. The only exception is brief quotations in printed reviews.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Currid, John D., 1951–

Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament / John D. Currid; foreword by Kenneth A. Kitchen.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and indexes.

ISBN 0-8010-2137-5 (pbk.)

1. Egypt in the Bible. 2. Bible. O.T.—Criticism, interpretation, etc. 3. Excavations (Archaeology)—Egypt. 4. Excavations (Archaeology)—Palestine. 5. Egypt—Antiquities. 6. Palestine—Antiquities. I. Title.

BS1199.E59C87 1997

221.9′5—dc21

97-23829

Unless otherwise indicated, Scripture quotations are from the New American Standard Bible, © the Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977. Other versions include the Amplified Bible (amp), the American Standard Version (asv), the Jerusalem Bible (jb), the King James Version (kjv), the Living Bible (lb), the New English Bible (neb), the New International Version (niv), the New Jerusalem Bible (njb), the New King James Version (nkjv), the New Revised Standard Version (nrsv), and the Revised Standard Version (rsv).

For information about academic books, resources for Christian leaders, and all new releases available from Baker Book House, visit our web site:

http://www.bakerbooks.com/

To Nancy, Elizabeth, and David

Contents

Illustrations

Foreword

Preface

Abbreviations

Part 1 Introduction

1. Egypt and the Bible

2. Cosmologies of the Ancient Near East

Part 2 Egyptian Elements in the Pentateuch

3. The Egyptian and Genesis Cosmogonies

4. Potiphar’s Standing in Egyptian Society

5. The Egyptian Setting of the Serpent Confrontation

6. An Exegetical and Historical Consideration of the Ten Plagues of Egypt

7. The Travel Itinerary of the Hebrews from Egypt

8. The Egyptian Complexion of the Bronze Serpent

Part 3 Contacts between Israel and Egypt in the Historical Books

9. Egyptian Influence on the United Monarchy

10. Shishak’s Invasion of Palestine at the Beginning of the Divided Monarchy

Part 4 Egyptian Wisdom Literature and the Poetical Books

11. The “Instruction of Amenemope” and the Book of Proverbs

Part 5 Egyptian and Israelite Prophecy

12. Knowing the Divine Will: The Art of Divination in Ancient Egypt

13. Hebrew Prophecies against Egypt: The Nile Curse Passages

Bibliography (1973–95)

Scripture Index

Subject Index

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AEOT

About Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament

The role of Egypt in the Old Testament, particularly in the Pentateuch, is a significant one. John Currid’s in-depth study of that role sheds valuable light on this important aspect of Israel’s history and Scriptures.

Currid observes that more biblical scholars today are returning to the study of Egypt and its texts. “My hope,” he writes, “is that this volume will add to the growing interest in and understanding of the Egyptian connections with the Old Testament.”

After surveying the scholarly interest in Egypt and the Bible and highlighting the uniqueness of the Hebrew worldview, Currid proceeds through the Old Testament canonically, showing Egyptian influences throughout. He explores the creation story, Joseph narrative, Serpent confrontation, ten plagues, and route of the Exodus, plus Solomon’s contacts with Egypt, the relationship of Hebrew poetry to Egyptian wisdom literature, and the links between Hebrew prophecy and Egyptian magic and soothsaying. The result is an enlightening guide to Egyptian influences on Israelite history.

This valuable study offers the most up-to-date information available on archaeological discoveries and includes Currid’s original translation of Egyptian hieroglyphics. Photographs, indexes, and a bibliography enhance the study.

Kenneth Kitchen writes in the foreword: “In the increasingly erratic world of Old Testament studies, where there is still too often a stubborn refusal to pay proper attention to the firm factual framework of reference that the ancient Near Eastern world offers us in assessing the nature and worth of the biblical writings, Currid’s well-documented book is a breath of fresh air and represents a valuable contribution.”

Ancient Egypt and the Old Testament will serve as a text in courses on archaeology and the Old Testament, Old Testament history, and Old Testament backgrounds.

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