The Epistle to the Hebrews
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the epistle to the

HEBREWS

A Commentary on the

Greek Text

by

PAUL ELLINGWORTH

Translation Consultant

United Bible Societies

WILLIAM B. EERDMANS PUBLISHING COMPANY

GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN / CAMBRIDGE, U.K.

THE PATERNOSTER PRESS

CARLISLE

Copyright © 1993 by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

255 Jefferson Ave. S.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503

All rights reserved

First published 1993 jointly by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. and

The Paternoster Press Ltd.,

P.O. Box 300, Carlisle, Cumbria CA3 0QS, England

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Ellingworth, Paul.

The Epistle to the Hebrews: a commentary on the Greek text /

by Paul Ellingworth: translation consultant. United Bible Societies.

p. cm.—(The New international Greek Testament commentary)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-8028-2420-X

1. Bible. N.T. Hebrews—Commentaries. I. Title. II. Series:

New international Greek Testament commentary (Grand Rapids, Mich.)

BS2775.3.E455 1992

227’.87077—dc20 93–18019

CIP

Paternoster ISBN 0 85364 534 5

CONTENTS

Foreword

Preface

Abbreviations

Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

THE CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH HEBREWS WAS WRITTEN

The Author

The First Readers

Destination

Date

THE CANONIZATION OF HEBREWS

THE BACKGROUND OF HEBREWS

The Author’s Use of the Old Testament

Gnosticism

Philo

Qumran

THE STRUCTURE AND GENRE OF HEBREWS

Literary Structure

Literary Genre

THE THEOLOGY OF HEBREWS

God

The Holy Spirit

Christ

The Church

The Person of Christ in the Light of His Work

Salvation and Related Concepts

The “Rigorism” of Hebrews

Eschatology

THE PURPOSE AND OCCASION OF HEBREWS

THE TEXT OF HEBREWS

COMMENTARY

Prologue: God Has Spoken Afresh in His Son (1:1–4)

THE SON IS SUPERIOR TO THE ANGELS (1:5–2:18)

The Son of God (1:5–14)

The First Exhortation (2:1–4)

The Path to Glory (2:5–18)

THE FAITHFUL AND MERCIFUL HIGH PRIEST (3:1–5:10)

The Faithfulness of Christ (3:1–6)

A Rest for the People of God (3:7–4:16)

Jesus the Merciful High Priest (5:1–10)

ASPECTS OF CHRIST’S PRIESTHOOD (5:11–10:39)

Do Not Forget What God Has Promised (5:11–6:20)

A High Priest like Melchizedek (7:1–28)

Fulfilment (8:1–9:28)

Sanctified by Christ’s One Sacrifice (10:1–18)

Final Exhortation (10:19–39)

FAITH (11:1–12:13)

Faith in Old Testament Times (11:1–40)

The Need for Endurance (12:1–13)

STRAIGHT PATHS (12:14–13:25)

Final Warning (12:14–29)

Final Instructions (13:1–19)

Conclusion and Final Greetings (13:20–25)

INDEXES

Subjects

Greek Words Discussed

FOREWORD

While there have been many series of commentaries on the English text of the New Testament in recent years, it is a long time since any attempt has been made to cater particularly to the needs of students of the Greek text. It is true that at the present time there is something of a decline in the study of Greek in many traditional theological institutions, but there has been a welcome growth in the study of the New Testament in its original language in the new evangelical schools, especially in North America and the Third World. It is hoped ...

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NIGTC Heb

About The Epistle to the Hebrews

This commentary series is established on the presupposition that the theological character of the New Testament documents calls for exegesis that is sensitive to theological themes as well as to the details of the historical, linguistic, and textual context. Such thorough exegetical work lies at the heart of these volumes, which contain detailed verse-by-verse commentary preceded by general comments on each section and subsection of the text.

An important aim of the NIGTC authors is to interact with the wealth of significant New Testament research published in recent articles and monographs. In this connection the authors make their own scholarly contributions to the ongoing study of the biblical text.

The text on which these commentaries are based is the UBS Greek New Testament, edited by Kurt Aland and others. While engaging the major questions of text and interpretation at a scholarly level, the authors keep in mind the needs of the beginning student of Greek as well as the pastor or layperson who may have studied the language at some time but does not now use it on a regular basis.

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