The Pastoral Epistles
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The New International Greek Testament Commentary

THE PASTORAL

EPISTLES

A Commentary on the Greek Text

by

GEORGE W. KNIGHT III

Professor of New Testament

Knox Theological Seminary

Fort Lauderdale, Florida

WILLIAM B. EERDMANS PUBLISHING COMPANY

GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN

THE PATERNOSTER PRESS

CARLISLE

Copyright © 1992 by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.

255 Jefferson Ave. S.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503

All rights reserved

First published 1992 jointly by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. and

The Paternoster Press Ltd.,

P.O. Box 300, Carlisle, Cumbria CA3 0QS England

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Knight, George W. (George William), 1931–

The Pastoral Epistles: a commentary on the Greek text / by George W. Knight, III.

p. cm.—(The New international Greek Testament commentary)

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN 0-8028-2395-5

1. Bible. N.T. Pastoral Epistles—Commentaries. I. Title. II. Series: New international Greek Testament commentary (Grand Rapids, Mich.)

BS2735.3.K55 1992

227’.8307—dc20

92–5467

CIP

Paternoster ISBN 0 85364 532 9

Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, © 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977 by The Lockman Foundation is used by permission.

To all those who made this work possible

and especially

to my beloved wife, Virginia

CONTENTS

Foreword

Preface

Abbreviations

Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

THE NAME “PASTORAL EPISTLES”

SELF-TESTIMONY REGARDING AUTHORSHIP, RECIPIENTS, SETTING, AND PURPOSES

Authorship

Recipients

Timothy

Titus

Setting and Concerns

Historical Setting

Purposes

The False Teaching

ATTESTATION IN THE EARLY CHURCH

RELATIONSHIP TO ACTS AND THE OTHER EPISTLES

Incongruencies

The Release and Second Imprisonment

CRITICAL ARGUMENTS CONCERNING AUTHORSHIP

The Method of Communication

The Manner of Addressing and Instructing Timothy and Titus

Warnings against False Teaching

The Method of Addressing the Problem

The Nature of the Teaching

Ecclesiastical Organization

Church Leaders

Provision for Care of Widows

Theological Differences

Absence of Basic Pauline Concepts

Terms Used in Non-Pauline Ways

A Different Attitude toward Doctrine

The Use of Different Terms in the PE

The Context of the Differences

Vocabulary and Style

Methodological Questions

The Arguments

Pseudonymity

Was Luke Involved?

The Lucan Proposal

The Relationship between Paul and Luke

Conclusion

POSSIBLE DATES OF THE LETTERS

COMMENTARY ON 1 TIMOTHY

SALUTATION (1:1–2)

PAUL’S COMMAND TO TIMOTHY TO WITHSTAND FALSE DOCTRINE AND TO FURTHER THE GOSPEL AND ITS GOAL, WHICH IS LOVE (1:3–20)

The Charge, the Goal, and a Description of the False Teachers (1:3–7)

Lawful Use of the Law (1:8–11)

Paul’s Commission and Conversion as an Example of the Truth of the Gospel (1:12–17)

Charge to Timothy Reiterated with the Negative Example of Hymenaeus and Alexander (1:18–20)

PRAYER FOR ALL; CONDUCT OF WOMEN (2:1–15)

Prayer for All Urged and Grounded in the Existence of One God and One Mediator (2:1–8)

Instructions for Women (2:9–15)

Adornment ...

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NIGTC 1Ti-Tt

About The Pastoral Epistles

This commentary series is established on the presupposition that the theological character of the New Testament documents calls for exegesis that is sensitive to theological themes as well as to the details of the historical, linguistic, and textual context. Such thorough exegetical work lies at the heart of these volumes, which contain detailed verse-by-verse commentary preceded by general comments on each section and subsection of the text.

An important aim of the NIGTC authors is to interact with the wealth of significant New Testament research published in recent articles and monographs. In this connection the authors make their own scholarly contributions to the ongoing study of the biblical text.

The text on which these commentaries are based is the UBS Greek New Testament, edited by Kurt Aland and others. While engaging the major questions of text and interpretation at a scholarly level, the authors keep in mind the needs of the beginning student of Greek as well as the pastor or layperson who may have studied the language at some time but does not now use it on a regular basis.

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