The Greek
New Testament

Fourth Revised Edition

Former Editions
edited by
Kurt Aland, Matthew Black, Carlo M. Martini,
Bruce M. Metzger, and Allen Wikgren

Fourth Revised Edition
edited by
Barbara Aland, Kurt Aland, Johannes Karavidopoulos,
Carlo M. Martini, and Bruce M. Metzger

in cooperation with the
Institute for New Testament Textual Research,
Münster/Westphalia

DEUTSCHE BIBELGESELLSCHAFT
UNITED BIBLE SOCIETIES

The Greek New Testament

First edition
© 1966 United Bible Societies, U.S.A.

Second edition
© 1968 United Bible Societies, U.S.A.

Third edition
© 1975 United Bible Societies, U.S.A.

Third edition, corrected
© 1983 United Bible Societies, U.S.A.

Fourth revised edition
© 1993 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, D-Stuttgart

Fourth revised edition, 2nd printing
© 1994 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, D-Stuttgart

Fourth revised edition, 3rd printing
© 1998 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, D-Stuttgart

Fourth revised edition, 4th printing
© 2000 Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, D-Stuttgart

Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft
P.O. Box 81 03 40
D-70520 Stuttgart

INTRODUCTION

The present fourth edition of The Greek New Testament contains as planned a thorough revision of its critical apparatus. All the data have been repeatedly collated and double-checked: the manuscripts from photocopies or films, and the oriental versions from standard editions of the texts or of manuscripts. In conformity with its purpose, this edition continues to offer in its apparatus only a limited selection from the entire range of variant readings of the New Testament text. But for each of the instances selected for the apparatus the reader will find clearly presented the complete range of extant variant readings from a sufficient and representative number of witnesses to provide a faithful reflection of the whole manuscript tradition of the text. The following is a description of the entire scope of this edition.

The Text

This edition reproduces the Greek text of the Third Edition (corrected) without change. Its text remains identical with that of Nestle-Aland in its 26th edition, and also in its 27th edition which is in the final stages of preparation and offers the same text unchanged.

The paragraph divisions and section headings remain as before, based on the model prepared by the United Bible Societies for the use of translators. These have proved their worth. They are largely similar to those of the New Revised Standard Version and of the Nestle-Aland Greek-English edition. Cross references to parallel passages are found immediately under the section headings.

Superscript numerals in the text refer to the critical apparatus. These are in series, beginning afresh with each chapter. Verse numbers in the apparatus appear in bold face type. Superscript italic letters refer to the segmentation apparatus.

Bold face type is used to identify direct quotations from the Old Testament. Quoted poetic passages and passages with an evidently formal structure are indented, precisely as in the Third Edition (corrected). ...